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目的:为了解病毒性肝炎流行特征,为制定和调整防控策略提供科学依据。方法:采用描述流行病学分析方法,对泰安市岱岳区l998～2008年间6004例病毒性肝炎进行分析,率的比较采用卡方检验。结果:11年间发病6004例,总体呈逐年下降趋势,年平均发病率为56.95/10万,其中乙肝年均发病率最高(53.32/10万),戊肝最低(0.26/10万)。从病原学分析看,乙肝构成比最高(5625例,93.69%),戊肝最低(27例,0.45%);甲肝、乙肝、未分型均呈较为明显的下降趋势,丙肝和戊肝下降趋势稍缓;乙肝在各季节中发病率都明显高于其他型别,丙肝以冬春季为主,戊肝以夏秋季为主;男女发病差别有统计学意义(χ2=511.75,P<0.001);各职业均有发病,以农民(4514例,75.18%)和学生(696例,11.59%)为主;发病集中在20～54岁(4495例,67.97%);经血液传播发病强度(7.51/10万)明显高于经粪-口途径传播(3.01/10万)(χ2=19.91,P<0.01)。结论:加强防控知识宣传教育,提升主动接受免疫服务意识,提高自我保护能力,做好疫苗常规免疫,扩大免疫接种对象范围,加强重点人群免疫接种工作,加强母婴阻断、血液(血液)制品、医源性感染管理工作,遏制病毒性肝炎的发病。
Objective: To understand the epidemic characteristics of viral hepatitis and provide a scientific basis for the formulation and adjustment of prevention and control strategies. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze 6004 cases of viral hepatitis in Daiyue District of Tai’an from 1999 to 2008, and the rates were compared by chi-square test. Results: The incidence of 6004 cases in 11 years was declining year by year, with an average annual incidence of 56.95 / 100 000, of which the annual average incidence of hepatitis B was 53.32 / 100 000 and that of hepatitis E was the lowest (0.26 / 100 000). From the etiological analysis, the highest proportion of hepatitis B (5625 cases, 93.69%) and the lowest of hepatitis E (27 cases, 0.45%) were observed. The rates of hepatitis A, The incidence of hepatitis B was significantly higher in all seasons than in other types. The prevalence of hepatitis C in winter and spring was mainly in summer and autumn. The incidence of hepatitis B was statistically significant (χ2 = 511.75, P <0.001). The incidence of all occupational diseases was 4514 cases (75.18%) and students (696 cases, 11.59%). The incidence was concentrated in the range of 20-54 years (4495 cases, 67.97%). The incidence of blood transmitted disease (7.51 / 10 000) was significantly higher than that via fecal-oral route (3.01 / 100 000) (χ2 = 19.91, P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Publicity and education on prevention and control of knowledge are promoted, awareness of active immunization services is enhanced, self-protection capability is improved, routine immunization of vaccines is carried out, the scope of immunization targets is expanded, immunization of key populations is intensified, mother and child blocking, blood (blood) Products, iatrogenic infection management, curb the incidence of viral hepatitis.