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一、导言 在对经济现象进行国际比较时,仅仅依靠纯粹的经济因素常常难以解释国与国的差别。人们往往不得不求助于显而易见的文化、种族和社会原因。例如,有一种很可能是正确的说法认为,东方民族之重视教育,并非出于任何言明或未言明的收益率考虑,而是因为他们共有的尊重学识的儒教传统。还有一种说法是,日本人储蓄率高是因为不喜欢消费,而不是利率过高(或过低);他们买进口品少,不过是相信日本货更好,而不在于进口品过于昂贵(进
I. INTRODUCTION In the international comparison of economic phenomena, it is often difficult to explain the differences between countries solely on purely economic factors. People often have to resort to obvious cultural, racial and social causes. For example, it is probably right to argue that oriental ethnicity values education not because of any stated or unspoken rate of return, but because of their shared respect for the Confucian tradition of learning. There is also a saying that the Japanese savings rate is high because they do not like spending rather than over (or too low) interest rates; they buy less imported goods but believe that Japanese goods are better than imported goods are too expensive Enter