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试验旨在研究梭子蟹饲料中豆粕(SBM)替代鱼粉的可行性。试验选取远海生长期梭子蟹,经过>6个蜕皮周期后测量其生长、发育情况,检测血液中高胆固醇、甘油三酯、磷酸盐含量以及全身粗蛋白质、胆固醇、肝胰腺的胰蛋白酶活性、组织病理和糖原储备情况。6组等量氮、等脂肪和等能量的饲料,其中SBM替代鱼粉量分别为0(对照组)、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%。每组30个重复,从梭子蟹幼年期持续饲喂到蜕皮的第7阶段,蜕皮后期取样共3 d。试验结果表明,20%组梭子蟹生长状况最好,显著优于对照组。SBM替代量≥60%时,生长速度显著降低,而血液中胆固醇、甘油三酯、磷酸盐含量随之显著下降。全身水分、粗蛋白质和胆固醇含量无显著改变。同时,20%组到60%组梭子蟹的肝胰腺的胰蛋白酶活性显著下降,而80%组和100%进一步显著降低。SBM替代量≥60%时,肝胰腺损伤,上皮细胞糖原储备显著减少。试验结果表明,饲料中SBM替代量达40%时会影响生长期梭子蟹的生长及肝胰腺发育。
The aim of the experiment was to investigate the feasibility of substituting SBM for fishmeal in shuttle crab feeds. The test was to select the long-distance swimming crab, and to measure its growth and development after> 6 molting cycles. The contents of high cholesterol, triglyceride and phosphate in the blood and the total protein, cholesterol, hepatopancreas trypsin activity, Glycogen reserves. 6 groups of equal nitrogen, equal fat and equal energy feed, SBM replacement of fish meal were 0 (control group), 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% respectively. Each group consisted of 30 replicates, fed continuously from the juvenile stage to the 7th stage of ecdysis, and post-ecdysis for 3 days. The results showed that 20% of the best growth of the shuttle pool crab, significantly better than the control group. When the SBM replacement amount is more than 60%, the growth rate is significantly reduced, while the cholesterol, triglyceride and phosphate content in the blood significantly decrease. Whole body moisture, crude protein and cholesterol content did not change significantly. At the same time, the trypsin activity of hepatopancreas decreased significantly in 20% and 60% of the group, but was significantly reduced in 80% and 100%. SBM replacement ≥ 60%, hepatopancreas injury, epithelial glycogen storage was significantly reduced. The results showed that 40% of SBM in feed could affect growth and development of hepatopancreas during growth period.