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连续常值推力是空间飞行常用的轨道机动方式,在空间交会与星际航行使命中具有重要的应用价值。其中,小推力适合于地球轨道航天器交会机动,而切向或周向推力以及较大的正径向推力可用于脱离地球引力场的逃逸飞行,执行星际交会使命。应用常推力作用下的极坐标系质心运动方程,对机动推力的量值没有限制;在航天器交会应用中,对相对距离也无要求。这种方法可直接获得向径与速度等轨道参数随时间或极角(绕地心的转动角)的变化,便于分析轨道转移与逃逸运动,有助于飞行使命与运动轨迹的设计。特别是,若机动转移的初轨为圆轨道,在推力较小、飞行时间不长的情况下,应用无量纲形式运动方程,可获得具有工程应用价值的近似解。文章给出一些有关的结果与应用案例。
Continuous constant thrust is commonly used orbital maneuver in space flight, and has important application value in the space rendezvous and intersatellite navigation missions. Among them, the small thrust is suitable for the Earth orbiting spacecraft rendezvous and maneuvering, while the tangential or circumferential thrust and the larger positive radial thrust can be used to escape the Earth’s gravitational field escape flight and perform the interdisciplinary mission. The application of the constant centripetal mass centroid equations under normal thrust has no limitation on the magnitude of maneuvering thrust. In spacecraft rendezvous applications, there is no requirement on relative distance. This method can directly obtain the change of orbital parameters such as radius and velocity with time or polar angle (rotation angle around the geocentric) to facilitate the analysis of orbital and escaped movement, and contribute to the design of flight mission and trajectory. In particular, if the initial trajectory of the maneuver is a circular orbit, the approximate solution with engineering value can be obtained by applying the dimensionless form of the equation of motion under the condition of small thrust and short flight time. The article gives some related results and application cases.