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目的了解2011—2015年南京市市售食品中化学污染物总体污染状况,为保障食品安全、加强监管提供科学依据。方法 2011—2015年随机采集市售各类食品2 157份,按照《国家食品中化学污染物及有害因素监测工作手册》检测有害元素、农药残留、食品添加剂、真菌毒素、禁用药物和非食用物质,依据各类食品安全国家标准进行判断。结果 2011—2015年样品总体超标率有统计学差异(χ~2=10.706,P<0.05),2012年样品总体超标率最高,为12.6%,2015年食品中铅超标率高达6.1%,镉超标率高达5.8%,铅、镉超标食品主要集中于蔬菜、肉类、粮食、水产品,食品添加剂超标项目主要集中于亚硝酸钠及含铝添加剂,食品中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留检出率较高,为20%以上,监测到的超标农药主要是氧化乐果、对硫磷、磷胺、克百威等一些高毒类农药,肉制品与水产品中检出克伦特罗和硝基呋喃及其代谢物。结论南京市食品安全整体形势稳定,但仍然存在较多食品安全隐患,较为突出的问题是食品中铅、镉元素超标、部分蔬菜高毒类农药残留量超标及肉制品与水产品中检出禁用药物,监管部门要加大监管和宣传力度,确保消费者的食品安全。
Objective To understand the overall pollution status of chemical pollutants in the food in Nanjing in 2011-2015 and provide scientific basis for ensuring food safety and strengthening supervision. Methods A total of 2 157 samples of various types of food were collected randomly during 2011-2015. The detection of harmful elements, pesticide residues, food additives, mycotoxins, forbidden drugs and non-food substances were conducted according to the “Manual for Monitoring Chemical Contaminants and Hazardous Factors in Foods” , Based on various types of food safety standards to judge. Results The overall over-standard rate of samples in 2011-2015 was statistically different (χ ~ 2 = 10.706, P <0.05). The overall over-standard rate of samples was 12.6% in 2012, up to 6.1% in 2015, Rates of up to 5.8%, lead and cadmium exceeded the food mainly in vegetables, meat, food, aquatic products, food additives exceed the standard projects mainly concentrated in sodium nitrite and aluminum-containing additives, pyrethroid pesticide residues in food than the detection rate High, as high as 20%, the pesticides detected are mainly omethoate, paracetamol, phosphate amine, carbofuran and some other highly toxic pesticides, meat products and aquatic products detected clenbuterol and nitro Furans and their metabolites. Conclusion The overall situation of food safety in Nanjing is stable, but there are still many hidden dangers of food safety. The more prominent problems are the excess of lead and cadmium in food, the excessive residues of high toxic pesticides in some vegetables and the banned detection in meat products and aquatic products Drugs, regulators should increase supervision and advocacy efforts to ensure that consumers’ food safety.