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临界问题,就是指当物体从一种状态转变为另一状态,某些物理量达到极限取值时,物体所处的状态或条件发生突变。其特点是物理量取值的有界性和突变条件的隐含性。受思维定势的影响,学生总是习惯于解决条件显性和取值无界的问题。而遇到临界问题时,便一筹莫展。因此临界问题能有效地考查学生思维的敏捷性和分析问题、解决问题的能力,此类题在历年高考中不断出现。本文分析了1981 1993年高考试题中的临界问题,指出其主要表现形式,并列表分析了13年来所有涉及临界问题的试题,供同行们参考。
The critical question refers to the sudden change of the state or condition of an object when the object is changed from one state to another and when some physical quantity reaches the limit value. It is characterized by the boundedness of physical values and the implicit nature of mutation conditions. Affected by the mindset, students are always accustomed to solving the problems of explicit conditions and unbounded values. When faced with a critical issue, they were unable to do anything. Therefore, the critical question can effectively examine the agility of students’ thinking and the ability to analyze and solve problems. Such questions have emerged in the college entrance examination over the years. This paper analyzes the critical issues in the 1981 1993 high test questions, points out its main forms of expression, and lists and analyzes all the questions related to critical questions in 13 years for reference by their peers.