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目的:了解药物滥用者对传统和合成毒品认识的差别、接触毒品途径、首次使用原因以及尝试其他毒品的意愿。方法:自编调查问卷对460名16~55岁的药物滥用者进行问卷调查。结果:60.29%的被调查者认为海洛因比冰毒更易上瘾,51.82%的被调查者认为海洛因比冰毒危害更大;被调查者初次涉毒最主要的原因是接触染毒朋友(50.43%),其次是好奇心(42.79%);60.05%的被调查者通过亲眼目睹朋友吸毒了解毒品,18.30%是朋友谈论接触到毒品相关信息;通过学校教育、街道或社区的法制禁毒宣传等途径获得的认知的情况占很少比例(3.69%)。83.81%的被调查者表示没有意愿使用另一种毒品。结论:本调查揭示了吸毒群体对传统毒品的认识比较正确、全面,对合成毒品的危害普遍存在认知上的偏差,缺乏正确认识。对合成毒品相关危害宣传力度不够,提示禁毒教育宣传要有针对性,尤其是针对青少年的教育和戒毒社会服务工作需要紧跟步伐。
Purpose: To understand the differences among drug abusers about traditional and synthetic drugs, the route of exposure to drugs, the reasons for the first use and the willingness to try other drugs. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted on 460 drug abusers aged 16-55 years. Results: 60.29% of the respondents think that heroin is more addictive than methamphetamine, 51.82% of the respondents think that heroin is more harmful than methamphetamine. The most important reason for the respondent’s initial drug exposure is exposure to a poisoned friend (50.43%), followed by Is curiosity (42.79%); 60.05% of the respondents witnessed friends using drugs to learn about drugs, 18.30% were friends talking about drug-related information, and gained awareness through school education, legal anti-drug publicity in streets or communities Accounted for a very small proportion (3.69%). 83.81% of the respondents said they did not want to use another drug. Conclusion: This survey revealed that drug addicts have a more correct and comprehensive understanding of traditional drugs. There is a general cognitive bias between the drug addicts and the lack of a correct understanding of the dangers of synthetic drugs. The promotion of narcotics-related hazards is not enough, suggesting that narcotics education propaganda should be targeted, especially for youth education and drug rehabilitation social services need to keep pace.