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在《〈政治经济学批判〉导言》中,马克思提出的“资产阶级社会的自我批判”内蕴着社会自我批判。社会自我批判的主体乃是社会,而现实的个人对社会的批判是社会总体自我批判的具体形式。作为历史活动,社会自我批判只有在“特定条件下”才能发生。从对象上来说,马克思的社会自我批判以市民社会批判为旨归;从原则上来说,马克思的社会自我批判是“批判的武器”和“武器的批判”的统一;从内容上来说,马克思的社会自我批判是意识形态批判与政治经济学批判的统一;从视角上来说,马克思的社会自我批判是规范性视角与描述性视角的统一。毋庸置疑,研究马克思的社会自我批判思想对我国社会主义社会的建设具有重要意义。
In the Introduction to Critique of Political Economy, Marx’s “self-criticism of bourgeois society” implies social self-criticism. The main body of social self-criticism is society, while the realistic individual’s critique of society is the specific form of social total self-criticism. As a historical activity, social self-criticism can only happen under “specific conditions”. From the object point of view, Marx’s social self-criticism aims at the critique of civil society; in principle, Marx’s social self-criticism is the unification of “the weapon of criticism” and the “weapon of criticism”; from the content He said that Marx’s social self-criticism is the unification of ideological critique and political economy critique. From the perspective of social criticism, Marx’s social self-criticism is the unification of normative perspective and descriptive perspective. Needless to say, studying Marx’s social self-critical thinking is of great significance to the construction of our socialist society.