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磁共振成像已广泛应用于孤独症谱系障碍（autism spectrum disorder，ASD）患者的脑连接分析。脑结构连接分析发现ASD患者大脑存在非典型生长发育的可能，儿童时期过度生长，青春期到成年后结构功能过度下降。功能连接分析表明默认网络可能与心理理论能力和自我参照加工相关，突显网络连接的异常会导致社会交往障碍，奖赏网络异常可能与重复刻板行为有关。有效连接分析发现，ASD患者脑区之间信息有向传递异常，并且这种异常与其社会功能障碍有关。本文介绍了基于磁共振成像脑连接研究的最新进展，探讨ASD患者与健康人群脑连接的差异，为更加深入地揭示ASD患者的神经活动机制提供理论参考。“,”MRI technology has been widely used in brain connectivity analysis to explore the neurobiological mechanism of ASD. Analysis of brain structural connectivity found atypical growth and development in patients with ASD, excessive growth in infancy, and excessive decline in functions from adolescence to middle age. Functional connectivity analysis suggests that default mode network (DMN) may be related to theory of mind (ToM) and self-referential processing, abnormal salience network (SN) connections can lead to social communication disorders, and abnormal reward network (RN) may be related to repetitive and restricted behaviors. Effective connectivity analysis found that information transmission between brain regions was abnormal in ASD patients, which was associated with social dysfunction. This article introduces the latest development of MRI research, and discusses the differences between ASD patients and normal human brain connections, so as to provide theoretical reference for further investigations of the neural activity mechanism of ASD patients.