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目的了解某小学水痘疫情流行特征,分析暴发原因,为防控小学水痘疫情提供参考。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法收集资料,用SPSS软件进行分析。结果该小学共2 393名学生,水痘疫苗接种率为82.37%。共发生21例水痘病例,学生罹患率为0.83%(21/2 393),持续47 d。有免疫史者罹患率为0.66%,无免疫史者为1.75%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.029)。结论水痘接种率较高的小学仍有水痘传播流行的可能。水痘疫苗能降低儿童患水痘风险,可考虑将其纳入国家扩大免疫规划,并积极开展水痘疫苗二剂次免疫程序实践。
Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of chickenpox in a primary school and analyze the causes of the outbreak so as to provide reference for preventing and controlling the epidemic of chickenpox in primary schools. Methods Data were collected by field epidemiological survey and analyzed by SPSS software. Results A total of 2 393 students were enrolled in the primary school, and the vaccination rate of chickenpox was 82.37%. A total of 21 cases of chickenpox occurred, with an attack rate of 0.83% (21/2 393) for 47 days. There was a history of immunization attack rate of 0.66%, no history of immunization was 1.75%, the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.029). Conclusions There is still a possibility that chickenpox spreads in primary schools with high rates of chickenpox inoculation. A chickenpox vaccine can reduce the risk of chickenpox in children and can be considered for inclusion in the country’s expanded immunization program and is actively implementing the two-dose immunization program for chickenpox.