论文部分内容阅读
关于波兰的历史书写,最早出现在1623年意大利传教士艾儒略的《职方外纪》中,19世纪中期葡萄牙人玛吉士的《外国地理备考》中也已透露出波兰衰亡的信息,但魏源《海国图志》所转述的这些西人汉文文献中并未显示民族主义感情色彩的文字。1896年8月29日《时务报》刊载的梁启超所编《波兰灭亡记》一文,是晚清波兰史书写系谱中最早从亡国史鉴的角度描述波兰的,之后康有为也撰有《波兰分灭记》,两位维新派思想家首先借助“波兰亡国史”作为戊戌变法维新派政治动员的重要思想资源。1901年庚子变乱与《辛丑条约》签订,亡国危机日益深重,在“亡国史鉴”高潮中,日本学者涩江保的《波兰衰亡战史》进入中国,在1901至1904年间先后出现了三种译本:一为1901年译书汇编社所译出的第一册本;二为1902年江西官报社推出的陈澹然译述《波兰遗史》;三为1904年东大陆图书译印局印刷、上海镜今书局发行的薛公侠译述的《波兰衰亡史》。在具有强烈民族主义精神的感召下,“波兰”再次作为民族衰亡的政治符号,这一符号还被有意识地提升为一种唤起民众族群意识、抗击帝国主义外来侵略和推翻满清腐朽统治的民族主义的思想资源。
History of Poland, first appeared in the “Staff Foreign Affairs” of the Italian missionary Alessio in 1623, the information of the fall of Poland was also revealed in the “Foreign Geography Proofs” by the Portuguese in the mid-19th century. However, these Chinese-language writings written by Wei Yuan’s “Illustrated Overseas Country Map” do not show the sentiment of nationalism. On August 29, 1896, Liang Qichao’s “The Book of Exiles of Poland”, published by Current Affairs, was the earliest description of Poland in the pedigree of Polish historical writing in late Qing Dynasty. Later, Kang Youwei also wrote “ In the meantime, two reformers of the reformist faction first resorted to ”the history of the fallen nation of Poland“ as an important ideological resource for the political mobilization of the Reform Movement in 1898. In 1901, the confusion of Gengzi and the Treaty of Xinchuchu and Unguuviasign broke out. The crisis of perishing in the country was deepening day by day. During the climax of The History of the Surviving Countries, Japanese scholar Shibamoto’s History of the Fall of Wars entered China and successively appeared between 1901 and 1904 Three translated versions: the first book translated by the compilation agency of 1901; the second edition of the book ”History of Poland“ published by the Jiangxi Daily Press in 1902; the third book translated as the 1904 edition of the Book of East China Bureau of printing, Shanghai Mirror Publishing House Xue Gongxia translation of the ”History of the Fall of Poland.“ Inspired by the strong nationalism, ”Poland" once again serves as the political symbol of the decline and decline of the nation. This symbol has also been deliberately raised to a level that is arousing the awareness of ethnic groups, fighting the imperialist alien aggression and overthrowing the decadent rule of the Qing Dynasty Nationalist ideological resources.