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材料科学家通常采用老式方法(即重排分子和原子的化学方法)在高温、高压的苛刻条件下,进行大量实验来制备新化合物。但在最近几年,他们则采用了完全不同的方法,如利用生物体的精细生物过程制备各种材料。目前,他们对用这种方法制出的材料非常满意。劳伦斯伯克利实验室先进材料中心和伯克利加利福尼亚大学分子细胞生物系的马克·阿尔珀(MarkAlper)说:“这种模仿生物体的方法具有很大的潜力,这个领域的研究相当广泛,很难估计将出现什么样的结果,但成果肯定是硕大的。” 11月27日～12月2日在波士顿召开的题为“用生物方法合成材料”的专题讨论会也说明了这一点。与会者一致认为大自然对科学家构思新材料、制备新材料有着很大的启发和帮助。亚利桑那大学亚利桑那材料实验室保罗·卡尔弗特(Paul Calvert)说,研究人员希望能模仿甚至改进自然材料的某些有用性能.如:丝,牙齿的珐琅质,甲壳用来粘其自身于船底的粘性蛋白质。然而,生物体有些合成材料的方法,科学家是模仿不到的.如:丝是一种不溶性聚合物,而茧却能在室温下以液体形式制造出并绕成牢固的长丝。卡尔弗特说,材料研究者们很想弄清楚蚕吐丝的机理。
Materials scientists often take a long list of experiments to prepare new compounds using the old-fashioned methods of rearrangement of molecules and atoms in chemical processes under harsh conditions of high temperature and pressure. In recent years, however, they have adopted quite different approaches, such as the use of fine biological processes in the production of various materials. At present, they are very satisfied with the materials made by this method. Mark Alper of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Advanced Materials Center and the Molecular Cell Biology Department of the University of California, Berkeley, said: “This method of mimicking organisms has great potential and the field of research is quite extensive and it is hard to estimate What kind of results are there, but the outcome is certainly huge. ”This is also illustrated by a symposium entitled“ Biosynthetic Materials ”, Boston, November 27 - December 2. Attendees agreed that nature has great inspiration and help for scientists to think about new materials and new materials. Researchers hope to mimic and even improve some of the useful properties of natural materials such as silk, tooth enamel, and the carapace to stick to its own stickiness on the bottom of the ship, said Paul Calvert of the Arizona Materials Laboratory at the University of Arizona protein. However, there are some synthetic methods that organisms can not imitate, such as silk, which is an insoluble polymer that can be made in liquid form at room temperature and wound into solid filaments. Calvert said material researchers are keen to figure out the mechanism of silkworms.