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1970年以来,全静脉高营养疗法被广泛采用。其中营养物质、电解质、维生素的添加技术,已积累了很多研究成果和经验。除遗留少部分问题之外,基本上达到成熟阶段。然而,最近却发现了多种意想不到的代谢障碍,金属缺乏症就是其中之一。现在所见的发生率最高、症状明显的是锌缺乏症,此外还有铜缺乏症、铬缺乏症、硒缺乏症等。除缺铁性贫血外,以往微量元素缺乏性疾病极为罕见。较为有名的不过是高度营养不良及先天性锌吸收不良的肠病性肢端皮炎(Aacrodermatitis enteropathica)和原因于铜吸收不良的纽毛病(kinky hair disease)等而已。但近年来在临床上不断出现症状类似这些先天性疾病的医原性疾病。其代表为全静脉高营养疗法引起的微量元素缺乏症,其他尚可举出给与络合药物EDTA或青霉胺、大量组氨酸以及透析等时的医原性缺乏症。
Since 1970, total intravenous nutrition therapy is widely used. Among them, nutrients, electrolytes, vitamins, adding technology, has accumulated a lot of research results and experience. In addition to leaving a small part of the problem, basically reached a mature stage. However, a number of unexpected metabolic disorders have been discovered recently, one of which is metal deficiency. Now the highest incidence seen, the obvious symptoms of zinc deficiency, in addition to copper deficiency, chromium deficiency, selenium deficiency and so on. In addition to iron deficiency anemia, the previous lack of trace element disease is extremely rare. More well-known is only Aacrodermatitis enteropathica, which is highly malnourished and congenital zinc malabsorption, and kinky hair disease, which causes malabsorption of copper. In recent years, however, there have been clinically recurring epidemiological diseases with symptoms similar to these congenital diseases. Its representatives are caused by total intravenous nutrition therapy of trace element deficiency, others can still be given to the complex drug EDTA or penicillamine, a large number of histidine and dialysis, etc. when the medical deficiency.