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使用I2-KI染色法、硝酸银染色法和石蜡切片法对紫稻型细胞质雄性不育水稻(Oryza sativa L.)樱香不育系樱香A及其保持系樱香B进行细胞学研究,观察到紫稻细胞质樱香A在减数分裂过程中存在异常分裂的现象,表现为不均等分裂;从减数分裂时期到单核小孢子时期,败育基本完成,仅观察到极少量的败育小孢子;败育完全、彻底,未发现正常成熟的花粉粒;败育花粉粒形态与典败型败育相似;从花粉母细胞时期到花粉粒成熟时,花药中始终存在绒毡层细胞。而在保持系减数分裂过程中未发现异常分裂;从花粉母细胞时期到四分体时期,花药中存在绒毡层细胞,而在花粉粒成熟时,未观察到绒毡层细胞。可见,樱香不育系败育主要发生减数分裂时期,在单核小孢子时期完成败育。推测樱香A绒毡层细胞的异常可能是导致花粉败育的原因,绒毡层细胞可能影响了花粉粒的发育使其不能正常的花粉粒,从而导致败育。而且,樱香A败育非常彻底,对于杂交稻遗传育种有着重要的意义。
Cytological studies were carried out on the safflower A and its maintainer Sakura B by using I2-KI staining, silver nitrate staining and paraffin sectioning. It was observed that there was an abnormal division of the cytoplasm Sakura A in the meiosis stage and showed an uneven division. From the meiosis period to the mononuclear microspore stage, the abortion was basically completed and only a very small number of defeats Sterile microspore; abortion completely, completely, no normal mature pollen grains found; abortion pollen grain morphology and abortion abortion similar; from pollen mother cell period to the pollen grains mature, anther tapetum cells always exist . No abnormal division was observed during the meiotic division of the maintainer line. There were tapetum cells in the anther from the pollen mother cell stage to the tetrad stage, whereas tapetum cells were not observed at the pollen grains maturation. Can be seen, sapling male sterile abortion mainly during meiosis, abortion in the single-core microsporogenesis. It is speculated that the abnormalities of Sakura-A tapetum cells may be responsible for the pollen abortion. The tapetum cells may affect the development of pollen grains that make them unable to pollinate, resulting in abortion. Moreover, Sakura A abortion is very thorough, for hybrid rice genetic breeding has an important significance.