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Objective:To observe the preventive role of Suxiao Jiuxin Pill (SX 速效救心丸) on atherosclerosis (AS) and to probe into the mechanism in the atherosclerosis rat model.Methods:The AS rat model was established by a high fat diet and a large dose of calcium (vitamin D3,0.6 million U/kg,i.p,once).Sixty healthy male adult Sprague-Dawlay (SD) rats were randomly divided into 6 groups,a normal control group (N),a model group (M),a SX low dose group (SXL),a SX middle dose group (SXM),a SX high dose group (SXH),and an atorvastatin group (ATO) (n=10 in each group).The rats in the treatment groups were given with the specific drugs from the first day by oral administration,and the normal control group and the model group were given with normal saline for 12 weeks.Afterwards,the content of malondialdehyde (MDA),the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in the serum were detected.In addition,the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) proteins were tested by West-blot method.Results:The serum ox-LDL and MDA level significantly decreased,SOD activity increased in the SX middle,high dose groups and the atorvastatin group compared to the model group (all P<0.05).While the expression of PPARγ and NF-Kb proteins significantly decreased in the SX low,middle,high dose groups and the atorvastatin group compared to the model group (all P<0.01),with the best effect in the SX high dose group .These results indicate that SX could elevate the activity of serum SOD,decrease serum level of MDA and ox-LDL,and reduce the expression of PPARγ and NF-κB proteins.Conclusion:SX plays an important role in anti-inflammation and inhibition of oxidative stress,which possibly are the mechanism of its preventing and treating atherosclerosis.