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Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the expression features of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and effects of HIF-1α silencing on HepG2 cells.Methods: HIF-1α expression was analyzed in the self-control HCC specimens by immunohistochemistry.After HepG2 cells with miRNA transfection, the expression of HIF-1α was determined at mRNA or protein level by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or Western blotting.Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2) were determined by ELISA.Alterations of cell cycles and apoptosis of HepG2 cells were measured using a flow cytometer.Results: Positive HIF-1α was brown and granule-like in the cytoplasm or nucleus.Significant difference was found between HCC (80%) and its surrounding tissues (100%, χ2 = 22.35, P < 0.001) and HIF-1α expression related to tumor size.At 72 h after miRNA transfection, the expression of HIF-1α in HepG2 cells was down-regulated by 87% at mRNA or 65% at protein level, with VEGF and ANG-2 decreased to 54% and 36%, respectively.After RNA interference combined with anti-cancer drug, the apoptotic rate of HepG2 cells was increasing from 22.46% ± 0.61% to 36.99% ± 0.88%, with up-regulation of G1 phase (65.68% ± 0.91%) and down-regulation of S phase (19.47 ± 1.34 %).Conclusion: Abnormal expression of HIF-1α is associated with development of HCC, and HIF-1α gene silencing can effectively inhibit HepG2 cell proliferation.