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一、发病特点。栗仁斑点病是多种真菌侵染所致的传染性病害,主要病原菌为炭疽菌、链格孢、镰刀菌和青霉菌。炭疽菌在河北较为重要,其余三种均为弱寄生菌。不同年分、不同产地、不同样品、不同时期,优势菌的组成可能不同,但优势菌总为以上四种或其中的一、二、三种。栗仁斑点有三个类型,黑斑型主要由炭疽菌和链格孢引起,褐斑型主要由镰刀菌和青霉菌引起,腐烂型为后期症状。发病初期,褐斑型较多,以后黑斑型逐渐增多。除炭疽菌可引起极少数栗果出现果皮变黑外,绝大部分栗果外观上看不出异常现象。该病开始出现于近成熟期,采收期病粒稍多,采后沙藏和收购期病粒大大增加,加工期达到发病高峰。一般从采收到加工要经历15-25天,此后病情增长渐趋缓慢。
First, the incidence characteristics. Chestnut spot disease is a variety of fungal infections caused by infectious diseases, the main pathogens anthrax, Alternaria, Fusarium and Penicillium. Anthrax in Hebei more important, the remaining three are weak parasites. Different years, different origin, different samples, different periods, the composition of dominant bacteria may be different, but the dominant bacteria are always above four or one of them, two or three. There are three types of chestnut spots, black spot type mainly caused by anthrax and Alternaria, brown spot type mainly caused by Fusarium and Penicillium, decay type for the later symptoms. Early onset, brown spots more, after the gradual increase of black spots. In addition to anthrax can cause a very small number of fruits appear darker peel, the vast majority of chestnuts appearance can not see the anomalies. The disease began to appear in the near maturity, the recovery of slightly more particles, postharvest sand storage and the acquisition of significantly increased during the disease, the processing period reached its peak. Generally from harvesting to processing to go through 15-25 days, since the disease growth gradually slow.