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目的分析儿童龋齿社区管理模式及其效果,为完善和推广龋齿防控体系提供依据。方法选择3~6岁儿童1 889例为调查对象,据《全国第三次口腔健康流行病学调查方案》标准,由口腔科医师进行口腔象限逐个检查,采用自行设计问卷进行影响因素分析;在基线调查的基础上,将研究对象随机分为观察组(280名儿童),对照组(315名儿童);观察组实施社区管理,采取综合干预措施,由医院口腔科及全科医生主持,对照组由保健幼师随机进行;干预时间为1年。结果 2011—2012年患龋率分别为68.82%和66.60%,均随年龄增长而显著增高,好发于第二磨牙的咬牙合面;甜食摄入量和频率、年龄是其危险因素,而早晚刷牙、饭后漱口和含氟化泡沫则是保护因素;综合干预后,干预后观察组新发龋率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),含氟化泡沫率和窝沟封闭率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但2组充填率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论社区管理能有效降低小儿患龋率,有利于提高儿童口腔健康水平,但充填工作有待加强。
Objective To analyze the community management mode and its effect of dental caries in children and provide the basis for improving and promoting the dental caries prevention and control system. Methods A total of 1 889 children aged 3-6 years were enrolled in the study. According to the “Third National Oral Health Epidemiology Survey Scheme”, dentists conducted oral quadrant examinations one by one. Self-designed questionnaires were used to analyze the influencing factors. Based on the baseline survey, the subjects were randomly divided into the observation group (280 children) and the control group (315 children). The observation group conducted community management and took comprehensive interventions, which were conducted by the hospital’s dentists and general practitioners. The control group The group was randomly assigned by kindergarten teachers; the intervention time was 1 year. Results The prevalence of dental caries in 2011-2012 was 68.82% and 66.60% respectively, both of which were significantly higher with age, which occurred in the occlusal surface of the second molars. The intake and frequency of sweets and age were the risk factors, and sooner or later Brushing, mouthwash after meals and fluoride-containing foam were the protective factors. After the intervention, the rate of new caries in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P <0.05), and the fluoride-containing foam rate and pit and fissure sealant rate were significantly (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion Community management can effectively reduce the prevalence of caries in children and improve the oral health of children, but the filling needs to be strengthened.