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据国家技术监督局今年6月通报,去年全国共发生锅炉、压力容器、气瓶、压力管道爆炸事故140起,死亡130人,伤520人,直接经济损失3021.55万元。比如山西某化肥厂一台锅炉超压爆炸,直接损失360万元;某地一400立方米液化气罐因泄漏未及时处理而引起爆炸,死伤40多人。这则报道读后让人触目惊心,把事故比作洪水猛兽恐怕一点也不为过。引起爆炸的原因除了制造质量低劣(如“土锅炉”爆炸事故就有39起)外,基本上都是管理不善和操作不当造成。强化管理和提高人的素质无疑就成了预防事故的首要问题。可巧这几天正读几个企业贯彻ISO9000的经验材料,通过贯标,企业管理的范围更全,管理的规则更细,管理的强度更大,生产上去了,事故下降了。有的企业不仅重大、特大事故为零,一般事故比贯标前也降低了8％以上。于是联想到江泽民主席在华东七省市国企改革与发展座谈会上强调企业要“依法管理”,笔者认为这应该是预防事故最根本的指导思想。这里说的“法”,除了国家的法律与政府的法规、规章、条例外,不妨引申一下也包括管理制度和工艺规程。
According to the notice issued by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision in June this year, 140 explosions of boilers, pressure vessels, gas cylinders and pressure pipelines occurred in the country last year, with 130 deaths and 520 wounds and a direct economic loss of 30.2155 million yuan. For example, a fertilizer plant in Shanxi over-pressured a boiler explosion, a direct loss of 3.6 million yuan; a 400 cubic meters of liquefied gas tank due to leaks did not promptly dealt with and caused an explosion, more than 40 casualties. After reading this report shocking people, the accident is likened to a scourge of floods I am afraid that is not an exaggeration. The causes of the explosions were mostly caused by mismanagement and mismanagement, except for the poor manufacturing quality (ie, 39 for the “earth boiler” explosion). Strengthening management and improving people’s quality have undoubtedly become the primary issue in accident prevention. Coincidentally, these few days are reading a few companies implement the ISO9000 experience materials, through the standard, a more complete range of business management, management rules finer, management strength greater, production up, the accident dropped. Some enterprises not only major, major accidents is zero, the general accident than before the standard also reduced by 8% or more. So I think President Jiang Zemin stressed at the forum for state-owned enterprise reform and development in the seven provinces and municipalities of East China that enterprises should “manage according to law,” and I think this should be the most fundamental guiding principle for accident prevention. Here the “law”, in addition to national laws and government regulations, rules and regulations, may wish to extend what also includes the management system and process rules.