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1983年我们组织思茅、红河、文山、普洱、腾冲等地县对陆、稻杂草发生动态及药剂除草进行了试验研究。结果看出陆稻地杂草约有23科、50多种,其中绿春、马关、邱北以胜红蓟、辣子草、繁缕鬼针草等阔叶草为主,占草量的77～90％;普洱、元阳、砚山以马唐、狗尾草等禾草为主,占草量的70％以上。陆稻地杂草发生消长与当地降雨情况有密切关系。丁草胺单用或与绿麦隆等除草剂混用,掌握在透雨后杂草大量萌发前施药,作药土法土表处理,对上述一年生杂草有较好的防效,药效一般在70～90％。我省有70多个县都有种植陆稻的历史和经验。近几年来陆稻生产发展较快,今年全省种植面积达到270多万亩,单产也由过去的100多斤提高到260斤,这对改变边疆山区少数民族的粮食结构、发展经济都具有重要作用。但是,在陆稻生产中,由于耕作粗放、肥力不足、草害严重等原因,陆稻生产极不稳定,单产较低,每年各地因草害毁种失收的面积约在5～10％,因此,各地群众迫切要求开展对陆稻地化学除草的试验、示范工作。前几年,我省滇南以五氯酚钠为主开展陆稻地化学除草的试验、示范工作,在大面积上也收到一定效果。由于五氯酚钠毒性大,苗期喷雾不仅药害严重,而且屡有人畜伤亡的事故发生,加之山区水源困难,喷雾工效较低,使用起来还有不少困难和问题。为了寻求一套安全、高效、经济简便的施药技术。1983年根据省科委下达的陆稻研究项目,杂草防除课题由我室主持,并与省植保站、省劳改局农科所以及红河、文山、思茅、保山等有关地、县农业局,农科所进行协作,取得了初步的试验资料。
In 1983 we organized Simao, Honghe, Wenshan, Pu’er, Tengchong and other counties on land and rice weed dynamics and herbicides conducted a pilot study. The results showed that there were about 23 families and more than 50 kinds of weeds in the terrestrial rice fields, of which, the species of broadleaf grass, such as red spring thistle, spicy grass, 77-90%; Pu’er, Yuanyang, Yanshan Crabgrass, Setaria grass dominated, accounting for more than 70% of the grass. The occurrence and growth of weeds in the land are closely related to the local rainfall. Butachlor alone or mixed with herbicide such as chlorotoluron, grasping the weeds in the weeping after the lot of germination before spraying for soil and water treatment of soil form, the annual weeds have better control effect, the general effect At 70 ~ 90%. Over 70 counties in our province have the history and experience of planting Upland rice. In recent years, the development of land-based rice has been developing rapidly. This year, the planted area in the province reached more than 2.7 million mu and the yield per unit area was also raised from 100 kilos to 260 kilos in the past. This is of great importance in altering the grain structure and developing the economy of the ethnic minorities in the border areas effect. However, in the land-based rice production, because of extensive cultivation, lack of fertility and severe grass damage, the production of paddy rice is extremely unstable and the yield per hectare is low. The annual area of grassland deforestation lost about 5% to 10% Therefore, people all over the country are urgently required to carry out experiments and demonstration work on chemical weed-cutting in the paddy fields. A few years ago, southern Yunnan Province to pentachlorophenol mainly to carry out chemical weedy land trials, demonstration work, in large areas have also received some results. As PCP sodium toxicity, seedling spray is not only serious injury, and frequent human and animal injury accidents, coupled with water problems in mountain areas, the spray efficiency is low, there are many difficulties and problems to use. In order to seek a safe, efficient and economical application of pesticide technology. In 1983, according to the Upland Rice Research Project issued by the Provincial Science and Technology Commission, the task of weed control was presided over by our chamber and related to the Provincial Plant Protection Station and the Provincial Labor Bureau Agricultural Bureau and the Red River, Wenshan, Simao and Baoshan areas, Agricultural cooperation, obtained preliminary test data.