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本文认为,马克思从斯宾诺莎那里承袭而来的理性判断的自由超越了意志自由,而前者就是对内在必然性的遵从;马克思发展了斯宾诺莎的物役观念,并将物化或物象化视为自由的对立面;马克思沿着斯宾诺莎通往自由的道路即外在必然性的内化思路,强调把物象化的力量重归联合起来的个人手中,而非彻底消除物象化。因此,斯宾诺莎对于理解马克思的自由概念乃至物化理论都具有十分重要的启示意义。
This article argues that Marx’s freedom of rational judgment inherited from Spinoza goes beyond freedom of volition, while the former is compliance with the inherent necessity. Marx developed Spinoza’s concept of property and materialized or materialized As the opposite of freedom. Along the path of Spinoza’s freedom to Marxism, Marx’s internalization of external necessity emphasizes that the power of the materialization should be reintegrated into the individual hands rather than the complete elimination of the materialization. Therefore, Spinoza has a very important revelation for understanding Marx’s concept of freedom and even materialization theory.