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人类的性别主要是由细胞中的性染色性(X、Y)决定的，性分化异常大多是由性染色体畸变(如：染色体的结构、数目异常)引起的。但是，性别决定涉及到许多复杂的机制，X染色体和Y染色体在人类性别决定中的作用也并不相同。细胞学检查正常的患者，其发病原因仍有可能是遗传因素造成
Human gender is mainly determined by the sex of the cells (X, Y), abnormal sexual differentiation mostly caused by sex chromosome aberrations (such as: chromosome structure, the number of anomalies). However, gender determinations involve many complex mechanisms, and the roles of the X and Y chromosomes in human gender decisions are not the same. Cytological examination of patients with normal, its cause may still be caused by genetic factors