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长沙地区是战国秦汉时期漆器的重要产地,多达9种矿物材料在这一时期的漆制品工艺中被使用。通过对矿物材料的鉴定,本文就其使用进行溯源和功用探讨,其中,明矾、辉铜矿、(无水)芒硝的科学鉴别尚属首次。结果显示,水胆矾的使用历史可以前溯到战国晚期;明矾、水胆矾、石膏和石英均可作为漆灰层或基础层的组成部分;黑色漆液中常添加无定形碳物质,红褐色或红色漆层中常添加朱砂矿物;彩绘层颜色以红色为主,系由朱砂构成。此外,还有几种矿物材料作为颜料使用,如黑色颜料由无定形碳物质构成,白色颜料由无水芒硝或羟基磷酸钙构成,深色颜料由辉铜矿构成。
Changsha area is the Warring States period Qin and Han Dynasty Lacquerware an important origin, up to 9 kinds of mineral materials in this period of the paint products process has been used. Through the identification of mineral materials, this paper discusses the use of its traceability and function, of which, alum, chalcopyrite, (anhydrous) thenardite scientific identification is the first time. The results show that the history of aqua regia can be traced back to the late Warring States period; alum, aquazeal, gypsum and quartz can be used as a layer of paint or base layer components; black paint often add amorphous carbon material, reddish brown Or red paint often add cinnabar minerals; painted layer color to red-based, composed of vermilion. In addition, there are several other mineral materials used as pigments, such as black pigments from amorphous carbonates, white pigments from anhydrous thenardite or calcium hydroxyphosphate, and dark pigments from chalcocite.