文物保护与文物买卖是法律的尴尬还是实践的尴尬

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民间文物收藏必然涉及文物的买卖,于是就必然与《文物保护法》形成矛盾。再于是,究竟应该对法律的规定进行适当对应的调整?还是继续严格按照法律执行,强调执法力度,严格禁止民间私人买卖文物?说二者必择其一,或许有嫌绝对化,但是1982年制定,1992年修订的《文物保护法》以今天的司法实践看,显然已经有了非常大的讨论空间。法律不断向现实妥协,全国各地相继涌现的市场就是明证。虽然它们的名称不沾文物,而实际公开发生交易文物的含义十分明确。如果没有文物的含义即为文物之赝品,赝品以今天市场意义即为假货,假货人人当诛之,净化市场保护消费者是为要旨。现实中一个奇特的现象于是又发生了,不论工商还是公安,进所谓古玩、旧货市场绝对不打假,而是配合文物管理部门,专责打真。徒法不足以治行。一部法典的实际操作意义恐怕要大于法典本身的意义。对文物的概念,对文物的界定还存在讨论空间,如何让执法者严格执行文物保护的法律。于是现实存在执法人员随时可以依法对文物买卖进行管理与查抄,随时又可以睁一只眼、闭一只眼而不闻不问。基于现实与法律的碰撞,我们策划了本期的主题。通过与收藏界的交流采访,对这样一个问题进行了不同侧面的分析,目的是推进中国的文物保护工作,同时繁荣中国的文化市场。民间文物收藏不仅是国家收藏的补充,也应该是重要的组成部分。文物保护和民间收藏究竟应该是什么关系,或者正如一个作者所言,什么是自由买卖文物?自由的概念永远都不能绝对,在文物问题上,只须有一个基本的前提,那就是合法与流通。文物一直在流通,仅仅是法律方面有些模糊而已。——编辑部 The collection of folk relics necessarily involves the sale and purchase of cultural relics, so it inevitably conflicts with the “Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics.” Then, after all, should we properly adjust the provisions of the law? Or continue to strictly follow the law, emphasizing the intensity of law enforcement, strictly prohibiting the private sector of private trading of artifacts? Said either one, may be too absolute, but in 1982 Formulated in 1992 revised “Heritage Protection Law” Judicial practice today to see, it is clear that there has been a great deal of room for discussion. The law is constantly compromising with reality, as evidenced by the succession of markets throughout the country. Although their names are unobtrusive, the meaning of the actual open exchange of cultural objects is very clear. If there is no meaning of cultural relics that is counterfeit artifacts, counterfeit to the meaning of today’s market is fake, fake everyone punished, to purify the market to protect consumers is the essence. In reality, a peculiar phenomenon happened again. No matter whether commercial or industrial or public security, the so-called antiques, the flea market absolutely do not fake, but with the heritage management department, responsible for realism. Act is not enough to cure. The practical significance of a code may be greater than the meaning of the code itself. The concept of cultural relics, the definition of cultural relics there is still room for discussion, how to make law enforcement strictly enforce the laws of cultural relics protection. So there is the reality of law enforcement officers at any time at the disposal of cultural relics management and inspection, at any time you can open one eye and close one eye and indifferent. Based on the collision of reality and law, we planned the current issue. Through an interview with the collector community, a different aspect of such a question was analyzed in order to promote China’s cultural relics protection and at the same time to prosper the Chinese cultural market. Collection of folk relics is not only a supplement to national collections, but also an important part. What should be the relationship between cultural relics protection and folk collection? Or, as one author put it, what is the freedom to buy and sell cultural objects? The concept of freedom can never be absolute. On the issue of cultural relics, there is only one basic prerequisite for the lawfulness and circulation . Cultural relics have been circulated, only a little vague legal aspects. - editorial department
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