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[目的]了解大连市水痘疫苗接种后突破病例发病特点及规律。[方法]对1998~2007年水痘疫苗接种资料及突破病例资料进行分析。[结果]1998~2007年大连市共接种水痘疫苗85 189人次,发生水痘突破病例64例,突破病例发生率为0.75‰;发病年龄1~9岁,呈单峰型,4岁为发病高峰;发病与接种疫苗时间间隔最短为24 d,最长为4年9个月,平均2年;临床症状轻微,多数不发热,93.75%的病例皮疹少于50个,病程短,无并发症。[结论]接种水痘疫苗后极少数人可发生突破病例,提示在水痘疫苗预防接种过程中,应做好告知和解释工作,对发生的突破病例应进行妥善处理。
[Objective] To understand the characteristics and regularity of the breakthrough cases in varicella vaccination in Dalian. [Method] The data of varicella vaccination and the data of breakthrough cases were analyzed from 1998 to 2007. [Results] A total of 85 189 people were vaccinated with chickenpox in Dalian from 1998 to 2007. There were 64 breakthrough cases of chickenpox. The incidence rate of breakthrough was 0.75 ‰. The age of onset was from 1 to 9 years old. The shortest time between onset and vaccination was 24 days, the longest was 4 years and 9 months, with an average of 2 years. Clinical symptoms were mild and most did not have fever. There were less than 50 rashes in 93.75% of patients with short course of disease and no complications. [Conclusion] A very small number of cases of breakthrough after vaccination with chickenpox vaccine suggest that during the vaccination of chickenpox vaccine, the work of informing and explaining vaccines should be well done and the cases of breakthrough should be dealt with properly.