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目的了解大学生对艾滋病(AIDS)知识的知晓率和相关态度,对健康教育的效果进行评价。方法采用整群抽样方法,抽取合肥工业大学大学生共514名,并于健康教育前后2次进行现场问卷调查。内容包括个人基本情况,艾滋病相关知识,对艾滋病患者及病毒感染者的态度等。结果大学生对艾滋病主要传播途径掌握较好(96.1%~98.8%),对非传播途径,如蚊虫叮咬不传播艾滋病,其知晓率较低(41.7%~47.0%),对艾滋病的一般知识、防治知识仍模糊不清,对艾滋病病人及病毒感染者的态度,是非常害怕及歧视的,干预后选择积极应对者所占比例较干预前明显上升,但比例还是偏低。获取艾滋病知识的主要来源为影像视屏资料、网络。结论高校开展AIDS健康教育,不仅提高大学生艾滋病知识知晓率,而且也改变他们对艾滋病病人的态度,进而遏制艾滋病在大学生中的传播。
Objective To understand the awareness of AIDS among college students and the related attitudes and to evaluate the effect of health education. Methods A total of 514 university students from Hefei University of Technology were enrolled in the study by cluster sampling method. Two questionnaires were conducted before and after health education. Including personal basic situation, AIDS-related knowledge, AIDS and virus-infected persons attitude. Results The majority of college students had a good grasp of the main routes of transmission of AIDS (96.1% ~ 98.8%). The non-transmission routes such as mosquito bites did not spread AIDS, and their awareness rate was low (41.7% ~ 47.0%). Knowledge is still vague, and AIDS patients and those infected with HIV are very scared and discriminated. After the intervention, the proportion of those who choose to actively respond to them is obviously higher than that before the intervention, but the proportion is still low. The main source of HIV / AIDS knowledge is video screen material and internet. Conclusion AIDS health education in colleges and universities not only enhances the awareness of AIDS among college students, but also changes their attitudes toward AIDS patients so as to stop the spread of AIDS among college students.