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目的分析2014年冬季学龄儿童流感样病例(influenza-like illness,ILI)的临床特点及疫苗接种情况,为临床诊疗提供参考,并为流感防控工作提供科学依据。方法针对来本院开具复课证明的394例学龄儿童ILI,调查其一般情况、临床特点、预后及疫苗接种等情况。根据是否注射疫苗分为2组,进行回顾性病例对照研究。应用SPSS13及stata12进行统计分析,计量资料采用t检验或秩和检验,计数资料采取χ2检验,对病程的影响因素采用线性回归分析。结果学龄儿童ILI疫苗接种率为26.6%,未接种疫苗组与接种组病例在性别、年龄、伴有咳嗽、咽痛、头痛、卡他症状、热程及病程的持续时间方面比较,差异均无统计学意义;未接种疫苗组中性粒细胞计数低于接种组,差异有统计学意义;未接种疫苗组最高体温高于接种组,差异有统计学意义;回归分析结果显示:白细胞增高、体温高峰高及伴有咳嗽、头痛是学龄儿童ILI病程延长的独立危险因素。结论接种疫苗可以预防流感,并能缓解学龄期儿童ILI症状。在流感季节,应该加强学龄儿童的疫苗注射工作的宣传。
Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and vaccination status of influenza-like illness (ILI) in school-age children in winter 2014 and provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of influenza. Methods A total of 394 school-age children with ILI who had resumed classes were enrolled in this study. Their general conditions, clinical features, prognosis and vaccination were investigated. According to whether the vaccine was divided into two groups, a retrospective case-control study. SPSS13 and stata12 were used for statistical analysis. The measurement data were analyzed by t-test or rank sum test. Chi-square test was used to count data and linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of the course of disease. Results The ILI vaccination rate of school-age children was 26.6%. There was no difference in the duration of sex, age, cough, sore throat, headache, catarrhal symptoms, heat duration and duration between unvaccinated and inoculated patients Statistical significance; unvaccinated group neutrophil count lower than the vaccinated group, the difference was statistically significant; unvaccinated group was higher than the vaccinated group, the difference was statistically significant; regression analysis showed that: white blood cells increased body temperature High peak and associated with cough, headache is an independent risk factor for prolongation of ILI in school-age children. Conclusion Vaccination can prevent influenza and alleviate ILI symptoms in school-aged children. During the flu season, vaccination efforts should be stepped up for school-age children.