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一、海洋资源与海洋开发海洋中蕴藏着极其丰富的各类资源,浩瀚的海水中有近80种元素,生存着动物17万余种、植物2.5万余种,仅水产品便足以养活300亿人口。据专家估计,全球海洋生物资源的资源量大约为600～700亿吨。目前的捕捞量仅占0.01%,约8000万吨左右,一般推算,在不破坏生态平衡的条件下,每年的可捕捞量达到1.5～2亿吨。截至1989年,人类已掌握的海底石油储量为365.6亿吨,天然气储量为30.1万吨。目前市场供应的锡石、金红石、锆英石、独居石,分别有66%、98%、96%和80%采自海洋。被称为21世纪矿产的大洋锰结核,富含锰、铜、钻、镍四种金属,其储量巨大,估计在3万亿吨左右。潮汐能、波浪能、海流能、温差能,这些海洋里的可再生能源在海洋里昼夜不息,是真正的耗之不竭的再生资源。仅我国临近海域,除波浪能以外,其他均在1亿千瓦以上,年发电量均可达22500亿千瓦小时以上。
First, the marine resources and marine development Ocean is extremely rich in all kinds of resources, the vast sea of nearly 80 kinds of elements, there are more than 170,000 species of animals, plants 2.5 million species, aquatic products alone enough to feed 30 billion population. According to experts, the resources of the world’s marine living resources amount to about 600-700 million tons. The current catch is only 0.01%, about 80 million tons, generally estimated that under the conditions of not undermining the ecological balance, the annual catches reached 1.5 to 200 million tons. As of 1989, human beings have mastered the sea bottom oil reserves of 36.56 billion tons and natural gas reserves of 301,000 tons. The cassiterite, rutile, zircon and monazite currently on the market are collected from the ocean at 66%, 98%, 96% and 80% respectively. The oceanic manganese nodules, known as 21st century minerals, are rich in manganese, copper, diamond and nickel and have huge reserves, estimated at about 3 trillion tonnes. Tidal energy, wave energy, sea current energy and temperature difference energy are the real inexhaustible renewable resources in the oceans. Only China’s proximity to the sea, in addition to wave energy, the other are more than 100 million kilowatts, the annual generating capacity can reach more than 2,250 billion kilowatts hours.