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以聚氯乙烯(PVC)改性酚醛树脂为原料,采用熔融纺丝法制备出PVC阻燃酚醛纤维。通过SEM、DMA、TG、FT-IR等分析手段,对PVC阻燃酚醛纤维的结构和性能进行了研究。与纯酚醛纤维相比,PVC阻燃纤维的韧性和阻燃性提高,但其热稳定性和残碳率稍有降低。当PVC含量为0.5wt%时,其拉伸强度从123 MPa提高至150 MPa,极限氧指数从32.1%提高至38.5%,在空气气氛下600℃的残碳率从87.4%降至70.9%,在氮气气氛下1 000℃的残碳率从62.8%降至59.7%。
PVC flame retardant phenolic resin was used as raw material to prepare PVC flame retardant phenolic fiber by melt spinning method. The structure and properties of PVC flame retardant phenolic fibers were studied by means of SEM, DMA, TG, FT-IR and so on. Compared with pure phenolic fibers, PVC flame retardant fiber toughness and flame retardancy increased, but the thermal stability and residual carbon rate decreased slightly. When the content of PVC is 0.5wt%, the tensile strength increases from 123 MPa to 150 MPa, the limit oxygen index increases from 32.1% to 38.5%, and the residual carbon rate at 600 ℃ decreases from 87.4% to 70.9% under air atmosphere. The residual carbon rate at 1 000 ℃ in nitrogen atmosphere dropped from 62.8% to 59.7%.