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目的分析短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者进展为脑梗死的主要危险因素,提高临床对TIA的诊治能力。方法回顾性分析2015年2月-2016年2月南京鼓楼医院收治的160例TIA患者的临床资料,记录发生脑梗死的病例。将其中发生脑梗死的45例TIA患者分为观察组,未发生脑梗死的115例TIA患者分为对照组,分析引起脑梗死的相关危险因素。结果 160例患者中颈内动脉系统TIA有90例,其中有19例发生脑梗死(21.11%);椎-基底动脉系统TIA有70例,其中有26例发生脑梗死(37.14%)。3个月内发作次数≥5次、TIA发作时间≥30 min、糖尿病、冠心病、高血压、治疗时间≥6 h是引起TIA发展为脑梗死的主要危险因素。结论发作时间长、发作频率高、合并有心血管疾病(糖尿病、冠心病、高血压)、未及时接受治疗的TIA患者容易发展为脑梗死。
Objective To analyze the main risk factors of cerebral infarction in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and to improve the diagnosis and treatment of TIA. Methods The clinical data of 160 TIA patients admitted to Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from February 2015 to February 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of cerebral infarction was recorded. Forty-five TIA patients with cerebral infarction were divided into observation group and 115 TIA patients without cerebral infarction. The patients were divided into control group, and the related risk factors of cerebral infarction were analyzed. Results Among the 160 patients, TIA was found in 90 cases, of which 19 cases were cerebral infarction (21.11%). 70 cases were found in vertebrobasilar system TIA, of which 26 cases had cerebral infarction (37.14%). The number of seizures ≥ 5 times in 3 months, the onset time of TIA ≥ 30 min, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, treatment time ≥ 6 h were the main risk factors for developing TIA into cerebral infarction. Conclusions The onset time is long and seizure frequency is high. Patients with TIA who have not received timely treatment due to cardiovascular diseases (diabetes, coronary heart disease and hypertension) are likely to develop cerebral infarction.