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空间批评理论是一种将文学与文化地理相结合的新的文学批评方法,过去,学者更注重时间在文学作品中的作用,随着时间的流逝,以及对文学更深层次的要求,学者转向对空间的研究。亨利·列斐伏尔和米歇尔·福柯是空间批评主义的奠基人。亨利·列斐伏尔首次将空间从地理学中分化出来,并给予其一定的社会性。他认为,空间不是简单的静态的容器或者平台,而是在一定的社会文化背景下形成的一种社会力量。亨利·列斐伏尔将空间分为物理空间、心理空间和社会空间。米歇尔·福柯提出了异托邦的概念,也译为“差异地点”或“异质空间”。他认为空间自身并没有惩罚和规劝的功能,而是统治者利用一系列的符号和表象实现对空间的掌控。
In the past, scholars pay more attention to the role of time in literary works. With the passage of time and the deeper requirement for literature, scholars turned to Space research. Henri Lefebvre and Michel Foucault are the founders of space criticism. For the first time Henry Lefebvre differentiated space from geography and gave it some sociality. He believes that space is not a simple static container or platform, but a social force formed under a certain social and cultural background. Henri Lefebvre divides space into physical space, psychological space and social space. Michel Foucault has proposed the concept of a different parent, also translated as “Difference Place ” or “Heterogeneous Space ”. He believes that space itself does not have the function of punishment and persuasion, but the rulers use a series of symbols and appearances to control the space.