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早在1976年,美国人纽伯格就把权力的来源一分为四:一是传统,如皇帝、酋长与生俱来大权在握;二是授权,如总公司委派某人负责分公司;三是资本,如土地、金钱;第四个来源是信息,谁掌握的信息多,谁的权力就大。并且随着社会进步、技术发展,信息作为权力来源的比重将越来越大。 这其实不难理解。举个最简单的例子,你是总经理,我是副总经理,或者你是部长、我是局长,凭什么你的权力比我大?除去上级委派的原因外,主要来自于你知道的消息比我多,你看的文件比我多,你获悉的领导意图比我多。这些“多”的东西都是以信息的形式出现的。想象一下、一个人兴致勃勃讲了半天,对方表示早就知道,这个人的信心通常便会瓦解,只能听人家的。销售人员大概都有这样的经验:当客户得知厂商把他想做什么正做什么摸得清清楚楚的时候,客户会信服你,与你合作;假如他看出你根本不了解情况,且要跟你讨价还价呢。 既然是日趋重要的权力来源,信息的公开必然会伤及信息发布者原有的利益。再举个简单的例子,报载有人为办理出国探亲手续以重金托人,等来等去,那自称“里面有人”的受托者没了踪影。究其根源,还是人们不知道有关因私出境办理手续的信息,只有“里面”的“人”才知道怎么办,权力由此而生,钱财由此而来。而完全公开化的身份证办理手
As early as 1976, the United States Neuberger put the source of power is divided into four: one is the tradition, such as the emperor, the chief is inherent in power; the second is authorized, such as the head office appoint someone responsible for branch offices; three Is capital, such as land, money; the fourth source is information, who has more information, whose power is big. And with the social progress and technological development, the proportion of information as the source of power will increase. This is actually not hard to understand. Take the simplest example, you are the general manager, I am the deputy general manager, or you are the minister, I am the Secretary, why do you have more power than me? Remove the reasons for the higher authority, mainly from the news you know More than me, you see more documents than I, you know more than the leadership intention. These “many” things are in the form of information. Imagine, a person speaks for a long time in high spirits, the other said long ago that this person’s confidence will usually collapse, can only listen to others. The salespeople probably have the experience that when the client learns that the manufacturer knows exactly what he is doing and what the client is doing, the client will convince you and work with you; if he sees you do not know the situation and Do you want to bargain with you? Since it is an increasingly important source of power, the disclosure of information is bound to hurt the original interests of the information publisher. To cite another simple example, a newspaper reported that the trustee who claims to be “someone inside” went missing for the purpose of going abroad to go abroad for formalities with a heavy trustee. The root cause, or people do not know the information on the procedures for going abroad for private exit, only the “inside” of the “people” to know what to do, the resulting power, money comes from. Completely open ID card handling