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本文介绍了一种在宽2.5m的小区底部收集径流和测定流量的装置。这种装置可以防止侵蚀土壤在小区内沉积。 一、引言 在一些侵蚀小区的底部收集径流时,要求水流能在进入集流桶前先汇集起来。澳大利亚新南威尔士土壤保持局通常采用的装置,当水流沿着渠道向下流动而集中时,该渠道的宽度随着距小区底部距离的变近而缩窄。虽然世界上许多地方都采用这种技术,但由于水流汇集会造成水流流速减小,使泥沙在设备中沉积,从而导致按照集流方法设计的测流装置内水流的水力特性发生变化。要使水流中的土壤物质不沉积,水流流速就不能减小。如果流速减小后,还要使泥沙不沉积,就必须使水流能产生充分的紊乱。本文介绍了这一原理在设计中的应用。 本文所述的集流系统,是用于收集设在澳大利亚A.C.T,CSIRO的Ginninderra实验站裸露休闲地土壤流失小区径流的。在此处进行的侵蚀实验的全部细节,也可在其它地方得到。小区宽约2.6m,长约41m,每毫米径流深产生1OOL水。在过
This article describes a device that collects runoff and measures flow at the bottom of a 2.5m wide cell. This device can prevent the erosion of soil deposition in the area. I. INTRODUCTION When collecting runoff at the bottom of some eroding plots, it is required that the water be collected before it enters the manifold. The device commonly used by the Soil Conservation Agency of New South Wales, Australia, narrows as its distance from the bottom of the cell becomes narrower as water flows down the channel to concentrate. Although this technology is used in many places in the world, the sedimentation is deposited in the equipment due to the decrease of the water flow velocity caused by the water flow collection, resulting in the change of the hydraulic characteristics of the water flow in the flow measurement device designed according to the current collecting method. Water flow in the flow of soil can not be reduced if sediment is not deposited. If the flow rate is reduced, but also to make sediment deposition, it must make the water flow can produce sufficient disorder. This article describes the application of this principle in design. The current-collecting system described in this paper is used to collect the run-off of loosely-drained soils at the Ginninderra experimental station located in A.C.T., CSIRO, Australia. The full details of the erosion experiments conducted here are also available elsewhere. Community width of about 2.6m, length of about 41m, 1OOL water per mm of runoff generated deep. In the past