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本文分别选取中国国家铁路运输业、自来水生产与供应业、电力蒸汽热水业1996—2005年、1996—2002年的统计数据,采用对数形式的时变技术效率随机前沿生产函数模型,对以上三个自然垄断性行业全要素生产率的增长率进行了分解与实证研究,并与37个两位数行业的总体情况进行了对比。主要结论是:完全垄断经营的自然垄断性行业,经济效率较为低下;随着自然垄断性行业规模报酬的增加,规模经济改善对全要素生产率增长的贡献较大;在传统被认为是自然垄断性的行业引入有限竞争,能够提高全要素生产率增长率、前沿技术进步,但会降低规模经济性改善。
In this paper, the statistical data of China National Railway Transportation, Water Production and Supply, Electric Steam Water Hot Water Industry from 1996 to 2005 and 1996-2002 are respectively selected, and the logarithmic form of time-varying technical efficiency stochastic frontier production function model is adopted. The growth rate of total factor productivity in the three naturally monopolized industries was decomposed and empirically studied, and compared with the overall situation of 37 two-digit industries. The main conclusion is that natural monopoly industries with complete monopoly have relatively low economic efficiency. With the increase of scale returns in the natural monopoly industries, the improvement of economies of scale contributes more greatly to the growth of total factor productivity. In the past, The introduction of limited competition in industries can increase the TFP growth rate and improve technological progress at the frontier but reduce the economies of scale.