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司法独立,源于西方的分权学说。孟德斯鸠在洛克分权学说的基础上明确提出了三权分立学说。一方面,司法具有中立性,另一方面,司法具有专业性,同时为了限制立法权和行政权,因此司法必须独立。而司法独立包括三个方面,一是外部独立,二是内部独立,三是法官独立。只有三个方面均实现,司法才真正的独立。中国要实现司法独立,仍须努力。
Judicial independence, from the decentralization theory of the West. Montesquieu explicitly proposed the theory of the separation of powers on the basis of Locke decentralization theory. On the one hand, the judiciary has neutrality. On the other hand, the judiciary is professional. At the same time, in order to restrict legislative and executive power, the judiciary must be independent. Judicial independence includes three aspects, one is external independence, the other is internal independence, and the third is independence of judges. Only three aspects are achieved, and the judiciary is truly independent. China still needs to work hard to achieve judicial independence.