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目的建立湿热环境下大鼠爆炸伤软组织缺损的动物模型,以供对爆炸伤引起的战伤慢性创面的病理、病理生理学以及修复治疗进行深入的研究。方法采用8#瞬发纸制电雷管为爆炸源模拟爆炸性武器的爆炸冲击波,致伤大鼠背部软组织,建立大鼠背部爆炸伤软组织缺损动物模型。采用检测致伤参数,观察两组不同时间的动物伤情、愈合时间及死亡率。结果创伤4h两组的病理观察基本相同。6～8h后高温高湿组较常温常湿组创面及肌肉变色区明显扩大且有腐败臭味,有感染现象;而常温组12～24h始出现明显臭味。常温常湿组21d伤口基本愈合,愈合率为83.3%(15/18);高温高湿组21d愈合率为0,28d愈合率为11.1%(2/18)。软组织创面范围(6.5±1.4)cm×(7.5±0.7)cm×(1.7±0.2)cm。结论该背部爆破冲击复合伤软组织缺损动物模型能较真实地模拟爆炸伤的致伤效果,伤情与实际爆炸伤接近,重复性和稳定性好,可为湿热环境下爆炸伤慢性创面基础与救治研究提供良好的动物模型。
Objective To establish an animal model of soft tissue injury caused by explosive blast in rats under hot and humid conditions for further study on pathology, pathophysiology and repair of chronic wounds caused by explosive injury. Methods An 8 # instantaneous paper-made electric detonator was used as an explosive source to simulate the explosive shock wave of explosive weapons and injure the soft tissues of the back of the rats. The animal model of soft tissue defect on the back of the rats was established. Injury detection parameters were used to observe the animals at different times of injury, healing time and mortality. Results 4h trauma pathological observation of the two groups were basically the same. After 6 ~ 8h high temperature and humidity group than normal temperature and humidity group wounds and muscle discoloration area was significantly expanded and there is corruption, odor, infection; and at room temperature group 12 ~ 24h began to appear obvious odor. The wound healing rate was 83.3% (15/18) on day 21 in normal temperature and normal humidity group. The healing rate was 21 days in high temperature and humidity group, and the healing rate was 11.1% (2/18) in 28 days. Soft tissue wound range (6.5 ± 1.4) cm × (7.5 ± 0.7) cm × (1.7 ± 0.2) cm. Conclusions The animal model of soft tissue defect caused by blasting back combined injury can more accurately simulate the wounding effect of blast injury. The injury is close to the actual blast injury and has good repeatability and stability. It can be used as the basis and treatment of chronic wounds with explosive wounds in hot and humid environment Research provides a good animal model.