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碘是人体必需的微量元素,其主要功能是构成甲状腺激素。甲状腺激素的主要作用在于促进机体的新陈代谢,以及同代谢有关的生长和发育等过程,特别是对骨骼的生长和智力的正常发育起着重要的促进作用。人体含碘量的90%集中在脖子前侧的甲状腺内。缺碘时,甲状腺激素合成减少,使脖子肿大、变粗。缺碘最严重的危害是影响胎儿和婴幼儿的大脑发育,造成不可恢复的损害,从而导致智力障碍。智力缺损严重的病例称为地方性克汀
Iodine is an essential trace element of the body, its main function is to form thyroid hormone. The main role of thyroid hormone is to promote the body’s metabolism, and metabolism-related growth and development process, especially for bone growth and normal development of intelligence plays an important role in promoting. Ninety percent of the body’s iodine concentration is concentrated in the anterior thyroid gland. When iodine deficiency, thyroid hormone synthesis reduced, so that the neck swollen, thicker. The most serious harm of iodine deficiency is the development of the brain that affects fetuses and infants and young children, causing unrecoverable damage, leading to mental retardation. Serious cases of mental retardation are known as endemic cretinism