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在一定的服役条件下,模具的工作寿命,除与模具结构有关外,主要取决于模具材料内部的组织与性能。为了适应各种模具的不同要求,业已发展了品种繁多的模具用钢及其相应的热处理工艺。提高模具寿命,既包括合理选材、优化工艺以充分发挥现有模钢潜力的许多研究,也包括设计性能更好的新材料的探索。考虑到对模具用钢及其热处理已有不少专著和综述,本文仅就模具钢使用性能的主要方面—冷作模具钢的韧性与热作模具钢的热疲劳性能作概要的评介。
In a certain service conditions, the working life of the mold, with the exception of the mold structure, mainly depends on the internal organization of the mold material and performance. In order to meet the different requirements of various molds, a wide variety of mold steels and their corresponding heat treatment processes have been developed. Improve mold life, including the rational selection of materials, optimize the process to give full play to the potential of existing steel research, but also to explore the design of new materials with better performance. Considering that there are many monographs and reviews on the steel used for molds and their heat treatment, this paper reviews the toughness of cold-working die steel and the thermal fatigue properties of hot-work die steel, which are the main aspects of die steel performance.