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孩子一岁半后,学会了走路,说话,自己吃东西等,并逐渐扩大与周围人的交往。在这一过程中,孩子无时无刻不在向周围世界学习。而这个世界却是多彩的,“学什么”是幼儿教育的重要课题。这里值得注意的是“负行为”问题。心理学家A·盖塞尔说,从学习生活习惯的次序看,在大部分行为中幼儿总是负行为比正行为学得快。他们总是先学会脱衣服,后学会穿衣服;先学会吐出食物,后学会往嘴里放食物;先学会弄得乱七八糟,后学会收拾干净;先学会把废纸篓里的东西倒出来,后学会把废物放进去等等。不难看出,当幼儿向周围世界学习时,先学会一系列的负行为。有些负行为在大人看来是“不懂事”、“讨人嫌”、“添麻烦”,其实恰恰正是这时候,是对孩子进行教育,培养良好行为习惯的关键时刻。通过教育,孩子学会了一系列相应的“正行为”。如果不断指导教育,不但能培养起良好的行为习惯,还可以提高自理能力和协作能力。相反,不抓住教育时机,忽视了对孩子负行为的纠正,甚至表示欣赏,将使孩子养成坏习惯、坏品德,再改就难了。孩子们十分需要大人们的理解。“游戏是儿童的第二生命。”在游戏中由于他们各种能力差,可能会给大人们带来麻烦。出现麻烦时,也正是对孩子进行指导教育的时机。例如:小朋友聚在一起玩“过家家”,拿小凳子当火车、汽车,纸片当票证,泥砂当米面,树叶当菜等。他们也会合理分工,玩得很开心!过一会儿,若有孩子提议到院子里捉迷藏,也许,
After a year and a half, the child learns to walk, talk, eat by himself, and gradually expand contacts with the people around him. In this process, children are constantly learning from the world around them. The world is colorful, “what to learn” is an important issue in early childhood education. What deserves attention here is the “negative behavior” issue. Psychologist A. Geisel said that in the order of learning habits, young children tend to learn negative behaviors faster than positive ones in most behaviors. They always learn to undress and then learn to wear clothes; first learn to spit out food, and then learn to put food into their mouths; first learn to mess up and learn to clean up; first learn to put out the contents of the waste basket and then Learn to put the waste in and so on. It is not hard to see that when children learn from the world around them, they learn a series of negative behaviors first. Some negative behaviors seem to adults as “naive”, “disgusting” and “troublesome”. In fact, it is precisely at this time that education is crucial for children to develop good habits. Through education, children learn a series of corresponding “positive behavior.” If we continue to guide education, we will not only cultivate good behavior habits, but also improve our self-care and collaboration skills. On the contrary, failing to seize the opportunity of education neglects to correct or even express appreciation for the negative behavior of children, which will make it harder for children to develop bad habits and bad morals. The children really need the understanding of adults. “Games are children’s second life.” In the game, because of their poor abilities, they can cause problems for grown-ups. In the event of trouble, it is also the time for the guidance and education of children. For example: children together to play “play house”, take a stool as a train, car, paper tickets, silt when the rice noodles, leaves and other dishes. They will be reasonable division of labor, have a good time! After a while, if a child proposed to hide and seek in the yard, perhaps,