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目的：研究单药化疗和靶向药物在晚期老年非小细胞肺癌患者中的治疗效果，并进行比较。方法：选取2010年7月-2013年7月在我院进行治疗的120例非小细胞肺癌的晚期高龄患者作为研究对象，将患者平均分为两组，单药化疗组和靶向治疗组，每60人。单药化疗组患者采用单独的培美曲塞进行治疗，靶向治疗组患者采用小分子靶向药物吉非替尼进行治疗。对于患者在采用药物治疗后的临床疗效、患者从开始治疗后的总生存期以及在治疗中出现的不良反应进行考察。结果：患者经过靶向药物治疗之后，具有更好的临床疗效，疾病控制率达到81.7%，明显高于单药化疗组的55%；同时，靶向治疗组患者的总生存期也是要显著高于单药化疗组，且存在统计学意义（P<0.05）。经过治疗后，靶向药治疗组患者总的不良反应发生率为15%。单药化疗组为36.7%二者之间的差异存在统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：靶向药物对晚期高龄非小细胞肺癌患者进行治疗，比单药化疗具有更好的抗肿瘤效果，可以延长肿瘤患者的总生存期，更能够减少、减轻患者用药后的不良反应，在未来临床上具有极大的应用和推广价值。“,”Objective To study the clinical effects of simple chemotherapy and targeted drug treatment for elderly patients who had advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Methods The projects make 120 cases of elderly patients as the research objects, who got advanced non-small cell lung cancer and were treated in our hospital from July 2010 to July 2013. Two groups were organized on the basis of patients’ therapy method, which included single-agent chemotherapy and targeted therapy group. The patients treated in simple chemotherapy group chose pemetrexed alone as the medicine, targeted therapy group were treated with a small molecule targeted drug gefitinib treatment. The clinical efficacy, overall survival and the adverse reactions were studied after treatment.Results Patients with the targeted drug therapy had better clinical efficacy, and 81.7% of the disease could be controlled. It is significantly higher than the single-agent chemotherapy group of 55%. While the targeted group had more time in overall survival(P <0.05). The patients who had targeted drug treatment had the rate of 15% in adverse reaction after treatment. The other was 36.7%, and significantly difference existed (P <0.05).Conclusion Compared with single-agent chemotherapy, targeted drug treatment had better anti-tumor effect. The patients may have longer overall survival and less adverse reactions under the treatment of targeting. It has great value in clinical application and promotion in the future.