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目的调查安徽省马鞍山地区戊型肝炎感染状况及危险因素,为预防和控制戊型肝炎提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法抽取马鞍山市3区1县共1616名常住人口为调查对象进行问卷调查,利用酶联免疫吸附实验和逆转录巢式PCR检测血清抗HEV-IgG抗体、抗HEV-IgM抗体和病毒RNA,并比较马鞍山地区戊型肝炎病毒基因型。结果总体抗-HEVIgG抗体阳性率为4.76%,男性为4.77%,女性为4.76%,感染率有随年龄增长而上升的趋势;多因素非条件Logistic模型分析结果表明,农民、学龄前儿童和有输血史为戊型肝炎的危险因素,而初中文化程度为保护因素;马鞍山地区戊型肝炎均由Ⅳ型HEV引起。结论安徽省马鞍山地区戊型肝炎感染率较低,男性略高于女性,存在年龄差异,且马鞍山地区HEV流行株核酸内部的同源性较高。
Objective To investigate the status and risk factors of hepatitis E in Ma’anshan area of Anhui Province and provide basis for prevention and control of hepatitis E. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1616 permanent residents in 3 districts and 1 district of Ma’anshan City for questionnaire survey. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription nested PCR were used to detect serum anti-HEV-IgG antibody and anti-HEV- IgM antibody and viral RNA, and compared hepatitis E virus genotype in Ma’anshan. Results The overall positive rates of anti-HEVIgG antibodies were 4.76%, 4.77% for males and 4.76% for females. The infection rate increased with age. The results of multivariate non-conditional Logistic model showed that peasants, preschool children and The history of blood transfusion is a risk factor for hepatitis E, while the educational level of junior high school is a protective factor. Hepatitis E in type A is caused by type IV HEV. Conclusions The prevalence of hepatitis E in Maanshan district in Anhui Province is relatively low, with a slightly higher prevalence in males than in females. There is a difference in age, and the homology of nucleic acids in HEV epidemic strains in Ma’anshan is high.