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近年来国内外土石坝发展较快,其中百米以上的高土石坝,四十年代仅有47座,到八十年代初,已超过240座。目前,世界上最高的大坝是土石坝,首推苏联中亚西亚塔吉克斯坦的瓦什赫河上的罗贡坝,坝高335米;筑坝工程量最大的坝也是土石坝,要数巴基斯坦印度河上的塔尔贝拉坝,坝高146米,坝长2745米,筑坝方量1.36亿立方米。纵观各国的土石坝工程的发展,有以下特点:大量出现平面拱形布置;采用薄体而向上游倾斜的防渗心墙;防渗土料就地取材以及灵活的岸边结合措施等。这些特点值得我们参考和借鉴。1.土石坝平面轴线拱形布置
In recent years, the earth and rock dams at home and abroad have developed rapidly. Among them, the high earth-rock dams of over 100 meters have only 47 in the 1940s. By the early 1980s, they have exceeded 240. At present, the world’s tallest dam is an earth-rock dam. The Rogng Dam on the Vashe river in Tajikistan, Central Asia, Central Asia, is the first to be erected, with a height of 335 meters. The dam with the largest amount of dam construction is also an earth-rock dam, Talbira dam on the river, the dam height of 146 meters, 2745 meters long dam, dam construction volume of 136 million cubic meters. Throughout the development of earth and rock embankment projects in various countries, there are the following characteristics: a large number of plane arched layout; the use of thin body and upstream tilt of the impervious core wall; anti-seepage materials in situ and flexible combination of shore and so on. These characteristics deserve our reference and reference. 1. Earth-rock dam arch axis layout