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能预防产生疵病的工程仪器是不存在的。作为产生疵病的原因,本文考虑有结构缺陷、加工缺陷、操作不当以及其他方面等。疵病分析的任务是为了改善产生疵病的过程和找出产生疵病的原因,由此才能拟出适宜的经济上的补救措施。对于兵器材料中发生的疵病情况是在Erding联邦国防军的材料试验埸检验的,这里具有为这类检验所需的测试和分析装置的兵工厂。本文中作者提出了己投入使用的分析技术之一——X射线微观结构分析法,并举例证明了其使用可能性。X射线微观结构分析(也叫X射线衍射分析)可鉴别晶体结构的材料,实际上,包括除塑料和玻璃以外的所有固体材料,如金属、金属的腐蚀产物、陶瓷材料、矿物等。
Engineering instruments that can prevent flaws do not exist. As a cause of defects, this article considers structural defects, machining defects, improper operation and other aspects. The task of flaw analysis is to improve the process of flaw detection and to identify the causes of flaws, in order to develop appropriate financial remedies. The flaws that occurred in the weaponry material were tested at the Erding Federal Defense Forces material testing facility, where there was an arsenal of testing and analysis equipment required for such testing. In this paper, the authors put forward one of the analytical techniques that have been put into use - the X-ray microstructure analysis method, and illustrates the possibility of its use. X-ray microstructure analysis (also called X-ray diffraction analysis) can identify the crystal structure of the material, in fact, include all except plastic and glass solid materials, such as metal, metal corrosion products, ceramic materials, minerals and so on.