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本文用解剖法考查了50例成年左肺下叶的支气管和血管。左下叶恒定的段支气管有四支,即尖段支气管(B~6),前内侧基底段支气管(B~(7+8)),外侧基底段支气管(B~9)和后基底段支气管(B~(10))。额外的尖下段支气管(B~*)的出现率为14％。 B~6常见的型式是单干类二分支型(B~6b,B~6a+c),为48％。基底干支气管以二分支型B~(7+8)、B~(9+10)式最多,占60％。本文讨论了B~7在左肺下叶是否作为独立肺段支气管而存在的问题。外侧基底段支气管后支(B~9C,即BX~*(9))的出现率为64％,后基底段支气管后支(B~(10)c,即BX~*(10))的出现率为88％。与右下叶相比较,左下叶各基底段支气管的分布范围有向反时针方向旋转的趋势。左下叶的动脉由叶间动脉发出,动脉的起源和分支型式较支气管复杂,但在分布上,动脉与支气管却紧密伴随。尖段动脉(A~6)的常见分支型式与尖段支气管一样,是单干类的二分支型(A~6b,A~6a+c),为30％。基底动脉干仍以二分支型(A~(7+8),A~(9+10))为最多,占34％。尖下段动脉(A~*)的出现率为14％,以起自A~9最多,为6％。A~*与B~*同源者仅发现一例。此外,有两例后基底段动脉移位与尖段动脉合干,与支气管B~(10)移位和B~6合干一致,此种变异值得临床注意。左下叶的静脉也行于肺段间或肺亚段间,和右下叶一样,汇集成尖段静脉、上基底静脉和下基底静脉三大支。后二者先汇集成总基底静脉,再与尖段静脉组成左下肺静脉。总基底静脉以V~(7+8)a+V~9形成上基底静脉,V~(10)形成下基底静脉的型式最多,占36％。左下叶的支气管与动脉在组合型式上多不一致,支气管的变异较少,动脉的变异较多。
In this paper, we examined the bronchus and blood vessels of 50 patients with left inferior pulmonary lobe by anatomy. The left lower lobe of the constant segment of the bronchus has four branches, namely the sharp segment of the bronchus (B ~ 6), the anteromedial basal segment of the bronchus (B ~ (7 +8)), the lateral basal segment of the bronchus (B ~ 9) B ~ (10)). The extra sharp lower extremity bronchus (B ~ *) was 14%. B ~ 6 common type is a single type of bifurcation (B ~ 6b, B ~ 6a + c), 48%. Basal stem bronchial bifurcation B ~ (7 +8), B ~ (9 +10) type up to 60%. This article discusses the issue of whether B ~ 7 is present in the lower left lung as an independent pulmonary segment bronchus. The incidence of posterior branch of the bronchus (B ~ 9C, BX ~ * (9)) in the lateral basal segment was 64% and the posterior branch of the posterior segment of the bronchus (B ~ (10) c) The rate is 88%. Compared with the right lower lobe, the bronchus in the basal segment of the lower left lobe has a tendency to rotate anticlockwise. Arteries in the lower left lobe emanate from the interlobar arteries. The origins and branches of the arteries are more complicated than those of the bronchi. However, the arteries and bronchi are closely associated with the distribution. The common branch pattern of the tip arteries (A ~ 6) is the same as that of the tip segment bronchus, and is a bifurcated type (A ~ 6b, A ~ 6a + c) Basilar artery is still bifurcated (A ~ (7 +8), A ~ (9 +10)) for the most, accounting for 34%. The inferior segment of the artery (A ~ *) appeared in 14%, starting from A to 9 up to 6%. A ~ * and B ~ * homologues only found one case. In addition, there are two cases of basilar artery displacement and aortic arteries, and bronchial B ~ (10) displacement and B ~ 6 co-stem, such variation worthy of clinical attention. Left lower lobe vein also line between lung segments or lung sub-segment, and the lower right lobe, pooled into the tip vein, the basilar vein and the lower basilar vein three branches. After the first two together into the total basilar vein, then with the tip of the left ventricle pulmonary veins. The total basal veins formed upper basal veins with V ~ (7 + 8) a + V ~ 9, while V ~ (10) formed the most basal veins with 36%. Bronchus and artery in the lower left lobe are more inconsistent in the combination type, bronchial variation less, arterial variation more.