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菊花的花朵组成了头状花序,后者是由花序梗、总苞、总花托和许多小花组成的。位于头状花序外围的小花都具有一枚美丽的花瓣,这些花瓣是由雄蕊瓣化而成的,叫作舌状花;它们的花器结构不健全,不能授粉授精而形成种子。位于花序中央(露心部分)的小花具有健全的雌蕊、雄蕊和子房,花冠呈短筒状,叫作筒状花;它们能够授粉授精而形成种子,但没有什么观赏价值。在长期栽培实践中。人们从大菊系菊花(Dendranthema morifolium Tzvel.)中已选育出约3000多个品种。为了完好地保存和繁育这些丰富的花卉资源,园林专家和花卉工作者提出了许多分类方案。由于花序是菊花的主要观赏部位,因此均以花序类型作为品种分类的依据。本文主要是通过对品种菊花序的调查,从中找出各部结构的相关性,为品种分类工作提供一些新的依据。
The flower of the chrysanthemum is composed of flower heads, which consist of peduncle, involucre, total receptacle and many small flowers. The small flowers on the periphery of the head have a beautiful petal. These petals are made of petals of the stamens. They are called tongue flowers. Their floral structure is not perfect and can not be pollinated and fertilized to form seeds. The florets, located in the center of the inflorescence (exposed part), have sound pistils, stamens, and ovaries. The corolla has a short tube shape called a tube-shaped flower. They pollinate and inseminate to form seeds but have no ornamental value. In the long-term cultivation practice. About 3,000 varieties have been bred from Dendranthema morifolium Tzvel. In order to well preserve and breed these rich flower resources, garden experts and flower workers have proposed many classification schemes. As inflorescence is the main ornamental parts of chrysanthemum, they are based on inflorescence type classification. This article is mainly through the investigation of varieties of chrysanthemums, to find out the correlation between the ministries, provide some new basis for the classification of varieties.