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本文叙述了用有限单元法计算客车车体强度时对车体结构的分析和简化,提出了9种类型的单元,用它们的有机组合,构成车体计算的数学模型。我们对PCK12和PCK16餐车进行计算。计算时对这两种车分别提出了结构理想化模型和具体处理方法。指出在计算方案中一定要考虑各梁的偏心。提出粗算时可将端墙假设成两根杆。变截面枕梁可划分成几段梁,取其相当截面。提出波纹板作为梁加板计算的假设和简化计算公式。文中提出具体电算的两种数学方法,即改进平方根法(直接解)和共轭斜量法(迭代解),简单介绍了两种方法的计算公式和使用时应注意的问题。
This paper describes the analysis and simplification of vehicle body structure by finite element method. Nine types of elements are proposed. Using their organic combination, a mathematic model of vehicle body calculation is constructed. We calculated PCK12 and PCK16 dining carts. In the calculation of these two types of vehicles were proposed structural idealization model and specific treatment methods. It is pointed out that the eccentricity of each beam must be considered in the calculation scheme. When roughing out, the end wall can be assumed to be two rods. Variable section bolster can be divided into several sections of beam, whichever is the equivalent section. Proposed corrugated board as a beam plus board assumptions and simplified calculation formula. In this paper, two mathematical methods are proposed, that is, to improve the square root method (direct solution) and the conjugate oblique method (iterative solution). The calculation formulas of the two methods and the problems to be noticed when using the method are introduced briefly.