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The changing climate is a global phenomenon and a challenge for both current and future generations, which scientists around the world overwhelmingly attribute to human activities that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.A study was conducted in three major agricultural regions of China; Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu to examine what the farming communities know about climate change and how they reduce climate change vulnerabilities.These regions form the backbone of the livelihoods of the rural population with majority of the farmers owning small parcels of land owing to continued subdivisions.The farmers practice multiple cropping; done mainly through changing single harvest rice/wheat to double harvest rice/wheat, winter crops and various kinds of relay cropping.Horticultural crops are also grown.This study was conducted using semi-structured questionnaires containing short statements put on a five point Likert scale and closed and open-ended questions.The questionnaire was pre-tested in a different site to facilitate restructuring of questions before the actual survey.Farmers have denounced some traditional agricultural practices such a returning crop straws to the soil as they considered it labor intensive and economically unsustainable.Furthermore, nearly all farmers relied on intensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to increase yield at the detriment of environment.The farmers are generally aware of direct and observable causes of climate change and the main impacts of climate change on agriculture.Results showed that knowledge and attitudes towards climate change are influenced by personal and social characteristics, notably gender, age and education.The farmers who are older and more educated, show better understanding of climate change and recognize that climate change mitigation requires a participatory approach.However, a worrisome tendency by the farmers to distance themselves from taking responsibility to mitigate climate change impacts and belief that government policies capacity to address climate change is not adequate was also established.The study established that the most common adaptation practices are changing the planting dates, crop varieties, crop varieties and improved water harvesting and storage.The most important factors in adapting to climate change were: household heads education; contact with extension services; change of attitudes in gathering information and change of climate change perceptions.Results showed that climate change adaptation is hampered by lack of reliable and timely information, credit and incentives.The vast majorities were yet to make adjustments in their farming practices as a result of numerous socioeconomic and socio-cultural challenges.Lack of credit may impede adaptation because it may require capital especially for acquiring new innovations and establishment of infrastructure like irrigation.Social cultural factors may also hinder adaptation because farmers are cautious of adjusting their agricultural practice for fear of being seen to be non compliant with the cultural norms.These results show that farmers are more likely to adapt to climate variability if contact with extension services and authoritative sources of information are improved.These results strongly suggest need for policy makers to understand what farmers perceive about climate change in order to formulate policies that foster adaptation.In addition, farmers should be given incentives and financial assistance for adaptation.Finally, more studies on the human factors (psychological,behavioral and socio-cultural) influencing climate variability adaptations should be done to ensure effective climate variability and change policies.