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贞观时期,唐政府在党项之地广设羁縻州,党项拓跋部归附唐朝,双方保持着友好的关系。但吐蕃的崛起却打破了这种平衡。最早到高宗乾封年间,吐蕃不断向东侵蚀党项的居住地,党项各部不堪吐蕃的压迫,向唐王朝请求内徙。本文以“安史之乱”为时间节点,通过分析党项迁出地和迁入地,将党项的内迁过程大致分为两大阶段进行论述。党项迁入之初,唐政府仍然对其羁縻统之,而随着帝国自身军事需求的增加以及对内迁党项控制的需要,唐朝统治者对党项的管理策略进行了调整:将以羁縻州为中心的行政管理制度转换成了节度使领导下的押蕃使制度。唐政府是如何以押蕃使为核心实现这一制度性的转换,也是本文试图揭示的重点。
In the period of Zhenguan period, the Tang government extensively established ji ni state in the land of party items, and the Tuoba posts of party items belonged to the Tang Dynasty. The two sides maintained a friendly relationship. However, the rise of Tubo has broken this balance. The earliest to Emperor Gaozong Qian Feng years, the Tubo continue to erode the party’s residence eastward, the Ministry of various departments unbearable Tibetan oppression, to the Tang Dynasty request for resettlement. In this paper, “An Shi’s chaos ” as a time node, through the analysis of the party moved out of land and moved to the land, the internal migration of party items can be roughly divided into two stages for discussion. At the beginning of the party items moved in, the Tang government was still in charge of its jihadist system. With the increase of the military demand of the Empire itself and the need to control the movement of party members, the Tang rulers adjusted the party’s management strategies: The central administrative system has been transformed into a system of custody under the leadership of Jiedushi. How the Tang government took Archbishop’s control as the core realized this institutional transition, which is also the focus of this article’s attempt to reveal.