【摘 要】
：
中间偃麦草是小麦的三级基因源,蕴藏着丰富的优良基因,具有耐盐碱、抗旱寒、对小麦锈病和白粉病免疫等特征,能与小麦进行杂交,已成为小麦遗传育种中改良农艺性状的宝贵种质资
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中间偃麦草是小麦的三级基因源,蕴藏着丰富的优良基因,具有耐盐碱、抗旱寒、对小麦锈病和白粉病免疫等特征,能与小麦进行杂交,已成为小麦遗传育种中改良农艺性状的宝贵种质资源。国内外研究者将中间偃麦草的有用基因成功地转移到小麦背景中,常采用的方法是染色体工程与远缘杂交相结合,选育出了一大批小麦-中间偃麦草后代材料,使小麦品种在产量和抗性方面都得到了较大的提高。本研究综合利用形态学、生物化学、分子细胞学方法对48份共9大类群小麦-中间偃麦草渐渗系E3群体材料进行筛选鉴定。19份材料含有中间偃麦草谷蛋白特异标记,8份含有醇溶蛋白特异标记,7份既含有醇溶蛋白又含有谷蛋白特异标记。对有中间偃麦草蛋白标记的材料,用109对1St引物进行筛选,其中有31对引物能扩增出特异性片段。用荧光原位杂交(FISH)的方法对这批材料进行鉴定,有FISH信号的材料有17份,具体结果如下:1.E3-593类群:20141010、20141058、20141059、20141060、20141009、20150593(3)是小麦-中间偃麦草1St渗入系,它们缺失了小麦的1D染色体,导入了1St L片段。2.E3-79类群:20141037、20141038、20150599、20150599(2)为小麦-中间偃麦草1St(1D)代换系。3.E3-446类群:20141061、20141062是小麦-中间偃麦草1DS/1StL易位系。4.E3-256类群:20141046、20141047、20150601、20150601(2)、20150603有外源1St片段的导入,但是不稳定,需要进一步的实验研究。5.E3-591类群:20141007、20141006、20141004、20141003、20141002不含异源染色体,有完整的1D,其余类群有待后续鉴定。对48份材料进行籽粒农艺性状统计分析,表明有外源1St导入的材料与不含外源的材料相比其籽粒千粒重和长宽度均有所降低,这表明外源基因的导入影响了籽粒的性状,1D染色体长臂上具有控制籽粒重量和形状的基因。由此,通过SDS-PAGE,A-PAGE和FISH技术对中间偃麦草基因进行有效的识别;用分子标记,在DNA水平上对中间偃麦草染色体进行鉴定;再结合形态学特征,对小麦-中间偃麦草渐渗系中的优良基因进行定位并用于小麦育种。
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