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Salinity is the most extending land degradation problem in the arid and semi arid regions of theworld due to climate change and a severe environmental factor limiting the productivity ofagriculture.Currently, half of the world irrigated land resources and approximately 20％ of theagricultural land has been affected by salinity.Moreover, every year 1.5 million hectares ofproductive land severely affected by salinity and becomes unproductive.Accumulations of salts,particularly salts of sodium exert physiological threats to ecosystem, prevent normal metabolicfunctions, and hinder water absorption, nutrient uptake of the plant and soil biota.Salinity hasdrastic effects on plant, secondary effects of toxic salts causes injury of leaf cell, furtherreduces growth by specific ion toxicity.Salinity may also effects on the physical and chemicalproperties of soil, such a way increase soil compaction reduce the aeration.Thus, high levels ofsalts can dehydrate soil microbes and reduces soil microbial functions and nutrienttransformation.Considering all inferior effects of soil salinity a study was designed withbiochar based technology to reclaim salt-affected soil as a sustainable source for cropproduction and utilization of saline soil.
This study is to address the potential of using biochar-based technology to ameliorate saltstressed soil with a number of experiments on soil and plant health changes.A two-year fieldexperiment with soil amendment of biochar-poultry manure compost (BPC) and pyroligneoussolution (PS) was conducted in a moderately salt stressed Entisol from Central China.The soilwas amended with BPC at 12 t ha-1 following treatment with diluted PS solution at 0.15 t ha-1 1week before winter wheat sowing.Samples of topsoil (0-20 cm) were collected for thedetermination of detailed soil physical and chemical properties, bulk and maize rhizosphere soilwas collected for soil microbial community structure and soil enzymes activity.Plant sampleswere collected for major nutrient and sodium content in plant biomass while the yield of wheatand maize was measured when crop harvested.Plant samples for bio-molecules enzymes werecollected at vegetative growth stage of maize crop.
The detailed analysis of soil physical properties, leaching of salts from the root zone of crop,improvement in nutrient content in soil and plant biomass with the (BPC-PS) amendment anduntreated salt-affected soil were determined through adopted laboratory techniques.Scanningelectron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the salt content in fresh and aged biocharparticles collected from the salt-affected field.Soil microbial biomass and enzymes weredetermined by usual method.Microbes in bulk soil and maize rhizosphere (bacterial and fungal)community structure and abundances were assessed by culture-independent moleculartechniques including polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and quantitative real-time (qPCR), respectively.Moreover, important band retrievedfrom DGGE gel were analyzed using sequencing and phylogenetic analysis for further detailsof soil organisms.
This study is to address the potential of using biochar-based technology to ameliorate saltstressed soil with a number of experiments on soil and plant health changes.A two-year fieldexperiment with soil amendment of biochar-poultry manure compost (BPC) and pyroligneoussolution (PS) was conducted in a moderately salt stressed Entisol from Central China.The soilwas amended with BPC at 12 t ha-1 following treatment with diluted PS solution at 0.15 t ha-1 1week before winter wheat sowing.Samples of topsoil (0-20 cm) were collected for thedetermination of detailed soil physical and chemical properties, bulk and maize rhizosphere soilwas collected for soil microbial community structure and soil enzymes activity.Plant sampleswere collected for major nutrient and sodium content in plant biomass while the yield of wheatand maize was measured when crop harvested.Plant samples for bio-molecules enzymes werecollected at vegetative growth stage of maize crop.
The detailed analysis of soil physical properties, leaching of salts from the root zone of crop,improvement in nutrient content in soil and plant biomass with the (BPC-PS) amendment anduntreated salt-affected soil were determined through adopted laboratory techniques.Scanningelectron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the salt content in fresh and aged biocharparticles collected from the salt-affected field.Soil microbial biomass and enzymes weredetermined by usual method.Microbes in bulk soil and maize rhizosphere (bacterial and fungal)community structure and abundances were assessed by culture-independent moleculartechniques including polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and quantitative real-time (qPCR), respectively.Moreover, important band retrievedfrom DGGE gel were analyzed using sequencing and phylogenetic analysis for further detailsof soil organisms.